This article reads some familiar examples of contemporary visual arts, such as Cindy Sherman, Mona Hatoum, Robert Gober, John Miller, Eva Hesse, Orlan and Robert Mapplethorpe, by engaging with diff...

In the New Kingdom of Granada the revolutionary period is usually analyzed in isolation, as if it was an incongruity barely linked to the past or to its own future. Therefore, explanations about the very occurrence of the political transformation discard intimate causalities, privileging instead the actions of small groups as well as external influences and accidents. Thus the main challenge for future research will be to understand this epoch of great transformations as an unexpected coincidence between a dynamic evolution (...) and an explosive juncture. In short, the task will be to place the independence on the plane of history, no longer considering it as a sphere gravitating in space. (shrink)

Die Globalisierung in ökonomischer und politischer sowie in kultureller und sozialer Hinsicht rückt das Thema internationale Gerechtigkeit immer stärker in den Fokus. Letztlich geht es um die Frage moralischen Handelns auf globaler Ebene, um eine globale Praxis, die prinzipiell für alle gerecht ist. Ausgangspunkt der Debatte ist dabei die Frage nach der Verallgemeinerbarkeit grundlegender Prinzipien sozialer Gerechtigkeit, die zumindest innerhalb demokratischer Nationalstaaten gelten: Inwieweit kann der Anwendungsbereich innerstaatlicher Prinzipien sozialer Gerechtigkeit global ausgedehnt werden? Bestehen auf globaler Ebene andere, gegebenenfalls schwächere (...) Beziehungen moralischer Verantwortung, die entsprechend andere Prinzipien globaler sozialer Gerechtigkeit fordern? (shrink)

As they are conventionally formulated, Boolean games assume that players make their choices in ignorance of the choices being made by other players – they are games of simultaneous moves. For many settings, this is clearly unrealistic. In this paper, we show how Boolean games can be enriched by dependency graphs which explicitly represent the informational dependencies between variables in a game. More precisely, dependency graphs play two roles. First, when we say that variable x depends on variable y, then (...) we mean that when a strategy assigns a value to variable x, it can be informed by the value that has been assigned to y. Second, and as a consequence of the first property, they capture a richer and more plausible model of concurrency than the simultaneous-action model implicit in conventional Boolean games. Dependency graphs implicitly define a partial ordering of the run-time events in a game: if x is dependent on y, then the assignment of a value to y must precede the assignment of a value to x; if x and y are independent, however, then we can say nothing about the ordering of assignments to these variables—the assignments may occur concurrently. We refer to Boolean games with dependency graphs as partial-order Boolean games. After motivating and presenting the partial-order Boolean games model, we explore its properties. We show that while some problems associated with our new games have the same complexity as in conventional Boolean games, for others the complexity blows up dramatically. We also show that the concurrency in partial-order Boolean games can be modelled using a closure-operator semantics, and conclude by considering the relationship of our model to Independence-Friendly logic. (shrink)

El objetivo de este texto es una aproximación teórica de la infancia en las principales concepciones de la filosofía occidental, la nueva historia social de la infancia en el continente y las principales poéticas estéticas del cine latinoamericano durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Para este propósito se analizan las nociones de la infancia desde trabajos con un enfoque histórico-hermenéutico, de análisis crítico de discurso y evaluación de las nociones con base en los aportes de los campos teóricos abordados. (...) Estos cruces permiten pensar los lugares de la infancia como instrumento para lograr un sueño político, las concepciones del tiempo, los derechos liberales de la Ilustración, y el acontecimiento fenomenológico. El fin de esta revisión crítica es un llamado a tejer líneas de fuga de la historia, a recrear mecanismos de resistencia audiovisual que apueste por una estética imperfecta, que desdibuje herencias, que marque procesos sociales en los que la infancia tenga una voz auténtica. Al enfocar la imagen de la infancia resulta crucial que el cine, más allá de mostrar realidades fácticas concretas, tenga un margen de ficción que aprovecha para darnos una poética sentimental de las infancias olvidadas y reinventar la estetización de las nuevas infancias en re-existencias autónomas desde la pluralidad de miradas del continente. (shrink)

Recent advances in the Super Linguistics of pictures have laid the Super Semantic foundation for modelling the phenomena of narrative sequencing and co-reference in pictorial and mixed linguistic-pictorial discourses. We take up the question of how one arrives at the pragmatic interpretations of such discourses. In particular, we offer an analysis of: (i) the discourse composition problem: how to represent the joint meaning of a multi-picture discourse, (ii) observed differences in narrative sequencing in prima facie equivalent linguistic vs pictorial discourses, (...) and (iii) the phenomenon of co-referencing across pictures. We extend Segmented Discourse Representation Theory to spell out a formal Super Pragmatics that applies to linguistic, pictorial and mixed discourses, while respecting the particular ‘genius’ of either medium and computing their distinctive pragmatic interpretations. (shrink)

In this study, we apply MOSAIC (model of syntax acquisition in children) to the simulation of the developmental patterning of children's optional infinitive (OI) errors in 4 languages: English, Dutch, German, and Spanish. MOSAIC, which has already simulated this phenomenon in Dutch and English, now implements a learning mechanism that better reflects the theoretical assumptions underlying it, as well as a chunking mechanism that results in frequent phrases being treated as 1 unit. Using 1, identical model that learns from child‐directed (...) speech, we obtain a close quantitative fit to the data from all 4 languages despite there being considerable cross‐linguistic and developmental variation in the OI phenomenon. MOSAIC successfully simulates the difference between Spanish (a pro‐drop language in which OI errors are virtually absent) and obligatory subject languages that do display the OI phenomenon. It also highlights differences in the OI phenomenon across German and Dutch, 2 closely related languages whose grammar is virtually identical with respect to the relation between finiteness and verb placement. Taken together, these results suggest that (a) cross‐linguistic differences in the rates at which children produce OIs are graded, quantitative differences that closely reflect the statistical properties of the input they are exposed to and (b) theories of syntax acquisition need to consider more closely the role of input characteristics as determinants of quantitative differences in the cross‐linguistic patterning of phenomena in language acquisition. (shrink)

A diferencia de la filosofía ambiental colombiana, que alcanza un cierto grado de unidad debido a la influencia de la obra de Augusto Ángel-Maya, la filosofía ambiental argentina es más diversa en su panorama de puntos de vista y enfoques. A pesar de que no podría afirmarse que constituyen una filosofía ambiental propiamente tal, los escritos de Rodolfo Kusch podrían hacer una contribución significativa a un pensamiento ambiental anclado en las peculiaridades de nuestra cultura. Alicia Irene Bugallo ha trabajado en (...) temas de ecofilosofía, y ha introducido estos temas a jóvenes, educadores y el público en general. Alcira Bonilla ha introducido un tipo de eco-humanismo ético, que se mueve lejos del antropocentrismo a la vez que evita un fisiocentrismo o sacralización de la naturaleza. A diferencia de Bugallo y Bonilla, cuyas posiciones se acercan a la ecología profunda, María Julia Bertomeu ha enfatizado la necesidad de una clarificación normativa de reglas generalizables orientadas hacia la protección medioambiental. La Escuela Marina Vilte de la Confederación deTrabajadores de la Educación de la República Argentina ha sido un auténtico catalizador formando una nueva generación de educadores con un enfoque en temas ambientales. Un grupo de colaboración de intelectuales que trabaja en pensamiento crítico, encabezado por su coordinador Guido Galafassi, ha creado la revista Theomai y elaborado una crítica de nuestra actual situación socio-ambiental. En cuanto a nuestros medios de comunicación de masas, durante varias décadas Miguel Grinberg y Antonio Brailovsky han sido figuras inspiradoras que han difundido los temas ambientales. (shrink)

In this study we use a computational model of language learning called model of syntax acquisition in children (MOSAIC) to investigate the extent to which the optional infinitive (OI) phenomenon in Dutch and English can be explained in terms of a resource-limited distributional analysis of Dutch and English child-directed speech. The results show that the same version of MOSAIC is able to simulate changes in the pattern of finiteness marking in 2 children learning Dutch and 2 children learning English as (...) the average length of their utterances increases. These results suggest that it is possible to explain the key features of the OI phenomenon in both Dutch and English in terms of the interaction between an utterance-final bias in learning and the distributional characteristics of child-directed speech in the 2 languages. They also show how computational modeling techniques can be used to investigate the extent to which cross-linguistic similarities in the developmental data can be explained in terms of common processing constraints as opposed to innate knowledge of universal grammar. (shrink)

Hussain claims that ethical consumers are subject to democratic requirements of morality, whereas ordinary price/quality consumers are exempt from these requirements. In this paper, we demonstrate that Hussain’s position is incoherent, does not follow from the arguments he offers for it, and entails a number of counterintuitive consequences.

Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have significant deficits in language ability that cannot be attributed to neurological damage, hearing impairment, or intellectual disability. The symptoms displayed by children with DLD differ across languages. In English, DLD is often marked by severe difficulties acquiring verb inflection. Such difficulties are less apparent in languages with rich verb morphology like Spanish and Italian. Here we show how these differential profiles can be understood in terms of an interaction between properties of the input (...) language, and the child's ability to learn predictive relations between linguistic elements that are separated within a sentence. We apply a simple associative learning model to sequential English and Spanish stimuli and show how the model's ability to associate cues occurring earlier in time with later outcomes affects the acquisition of verb inflection in English more than in Spanish. We relate this to the high frequency of the English bare form (which acts as a default) and the English process of question formation, which means that (unlike in Spanish) bare forms frequently occur in third‐person singular contexts. Finally, we hypothesize that the pro‐drop nature of Spanish makes it easier to associate person and number cues with the verb inflection than in English. Since the factors that conspire to make English verb inflection particularly challenging for learners with weak sequential learning abilities are much reduced or absent in Spanish, this provides an explanation for why learning Spanish verb inflection is relatively unaffected in children with DLD. (shrink)

This collected volume addresses issues pertaining to education and migration from a variety of philosophical and ethical perspectives. -/- It is high time to critically analyze ethical issues in education under conditions of globalization, not only because migration and globalization are topical issues, but also because dominant academic approaches in the ethics and political philosophy of education have a tendency to narrow their focus on the education of sedentary citizens. However, many learners and educators experience high levels of both voluntary (...) and constrained mobility. The contributions to Education and Migration address issues pertaining to migration-related education from a variety of ethical and philosophical perspectives, including analytic applied ethics, continental philosophy, care ethics, Hegelian philosophy, the capability approach and theories of distributive justice. Distinguished scholars, as well as younger researchers, from a variety of disciplines (educational scholars, lawyers, philosophers, psychologists and sociologists) tackle in these eight essays core issues in the ethics and political philosophy of education, such as citizenship education or justice in access to education, from a perspective that takes human mobilities into account. -/- The collection puts a special emphasis on the diversity of migratory experiences, on the significance of education for citizens and non-citizen migrants, long-term residents and undocumented children, immigrants and return migrants. (shrink)

Review by: Julian Gutierrez The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic, Volume 19, Issue 1, Page 108-110, March 2013.

This chapter explores the notion of territory in the works of both Gilles Deleuze and Martin Heidegger. It examines whether race and its minor theatre want a dwelling place and investigates whether there is a political potential within the body without organs which offers a resistance to the homely conception of dwelling. It provides a contextualisation of this future theatre in the Deleuzo-Guattarian project of minor literature as a whole and questions the practicality of the schizo-stroll and the BWO. It (...) also discusses the notion of Heideggerian deterritorialisation. (shrink)

This paper investigates the evaluation of ritual frame indicating expressions (RFIEs) in two groups of L2 learners: British English learners of Chinese and Mainland Chinese learners of English. RFIEs are expressions by means of which speakers confirm their awareness of rights and obligations in a particular standard situation. Previous research in applied linguistics has largely ignored the production and evaluation of such forms, despite the fact that they are pragmatically-loaded and, as such, are very important for the development of the (...) (meta)pragmatic competence of L2 learners. In our study, we have conducted an experiment in which we exposed our learners to both authentic and constructed uses of RFIEs. The evaluation of their (meta)pragmatic competence has revealed notable linguacultural differences between the two groups of L2 learners. (shrink)

Music can reduce stress and anxiety, enhance positive mood, and facilitate social bonding. However, little is known about the role of music and related personal or cultural variables in maintaining wellbeing during times of stress and social isolation as imposed by the COVID-19 crisis. In an online questionnaire, administered in 11 countries, participants rated the relevance of wellbeing goals during the pandemic, and the effectiveness of different activities in obtaining these goals. Music was found to be the most effective activity (...) for three out of five wellbeing goals: enjoyment, venting negative emotions, and self-connection. For diversion, music was equally good as entertainment, while it was second best to create a sense of togetherness, after socialization. This result was evident across different countries and gender, with minor effects of age on specific goals, and a clear effect of the importance of music in people's lives. Cultural effects were generally small and surfaced mainly in the use of music to obtain a sense of togetherness. Interestingly, culture moderated the use of negatively valenced and nostalgic music for those higher in distress. (shrink)

This introduction expounds educational problems that arise from transnational migration. It argues that it is high time to critically analyze normative issues of and in education under conditions of globalization because dominant approaches in normative philosophy of education tend to suffer from both a nationalist bias and a sedentary bias. The contributions to this special issue address normative problems pertaining to migration-related education from a variety of ethical and philosophical perspectives, including analytic applied ethics, continental philosophy, care ethics, Hegelian philosophy, (...) the capability approach and theories of distributive justice. They discuss the education of both citizens and migrants in the receiving society as well as in the country of origin, focusing on ethical issues pertaining to access to education as well as to the content of educational programs. (shrink)

The digital society is reconfiguring the relationships between digital culture and intercultural citizenship in Peru. To understand these connections, it is important to examine thesis reports presented in Peruvian universities. Conceptual mapping is used as a research method, allowing for the identification of emerging thematic connections. The results demonstrate a growing interest in research on digital culture and intercultural citizenship in Peru, as well as the interconnections and gaps that highlight national inequalities. Essentially, the need for public policies that promote (...) digital culture, and an active and participatory intercultural citizenship online is revealed. (shrink)

The strict lockdown experienced in Spain during March–June 2020 as a consequence of the COVID-19 crisis has led to strong negative emotions. Music can contribute to enhancing wellbeing, but the extent of this effect may be modulated by both personal and context-related variables. This study aimed to analyze the impact of the two types of variables on the perceived efficacy of musical behaviors to fulfill adults’ emotional wellbeing-related goals during the lockdown established in Spain. Personal variables included age, gender, musical (...) training, personality, resilience, and perception of music’s importance. Contextual variables referred to living in a region with a high COVID-19 impact, perception of belonging to a risk group, being alone, having caring responsibilities during confinement, and amount of time of music listening as compared to prior to the crisis. The study was conducted retrospectively during August–December 2020, when the strict lockdown was over in Spain. An online survey was disseminated among the general population and groups of musicians, and the answers of 507 adults were analyzed. Only personal, but not COVID-19 context-related variables, showed an impact on music’s efficacy. The youngest age group of adults and those with musical training reported the highest efficacy of music for wellbeing enhancement, and music’s importance was found to be the main significant predictor of music’s perceived efficacy. Our findings suggest that the people who have been reported to be emotionally more vulnerable during the lockdown, due to either a strong impact on their daily lives or their lower resilience, perceive a higher benefit from musical behaviors. Being musically trained, even for a small number of years, also leads to a perception of higher efficacy of music for the achievement of emotional wellbeing goals. However, this effect is explained by the musically trained individuals’ higher perception of music’s importance. Although musical behaviors can be generally considered as important for wellbeing enhancement, our study highlights who are the potential individuals who could benefit the most from music-related activities for obtaining better levels of wellbeing, at least within the current context of the COVID-19 crisis. (shrink)

In this volume, Engeström's work is used as a springboard to reflect on the question of the use, appropriation, and further development of the classic heritage within activity theory.

The health emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic revealed limitations in health systems worldwide, making it necessary to establish a bioethical framework that provides tools to drive health professionals’ decision-making amid scarce health resources. Bioethical models such as principlism, utilitarianism, and personalism seek to focus clinical decisions on respect for people’s rights and dignity, thus protecting the medical practice. Personalism provides a person-centered approach to respect for human dignity during health emergencies to avoid giving material meaning to the individual. Decision (...) criteria are required to face bioethical conflicts in clinical practice, reducing the legal, emotional, and ethical burden of decision-making in pandemic situations. (shrink)

El sustantivo πραπίς / πραπίδες presenta diversos usos en los poemas homéricos, de acuerdo con diferentes campos semánticos que van desde lo anatómico a lo cognoscitivo. Desde la Antigüedad se intentó clarificar el sentido básico del término, equiparándolo con los distintos campos semánticos que comprende el sustantivo φρήν / φρένες. El término no aparece nunca en singular en los poemas homéricos sino siempre en plural.. Este trabajo pretende clarificar, en general, la significación del término y, en particular, el sentido que (...) adquiere cuando es empleado en singular, apelando tanto al recurso de reconstrucción de una hipotética raíz indoeuropea como a conceptos de la teoría cognitiva-prototípica como los de conceptualización, metonimización, metaforización y modelización. The word πραπίς / πραπίδες has diverse uses in the Homeric poems according to different semantic fields going from the anatomical to the cognitive. Since antiquity it has been tried to explain the proper sense of the term comparing it with the diverse semantic fields that present the word φρήν / φρένες. The term does never appear in its singular form in the Homeric poems but always in its plural form. The purpose of this work is to explain the meaning of the term in general, and in particular, the sense of the term in singular number, appealing both to device of a hypothetical reconstruction of Indo-European root as notions of the cognitive-prototype theory such as conceptualization, metonymization, metaphorization and modeling. (shrink)

A diferencia de la filosofía ambiental colombiana, que alcanza un cierto grado de unidad debido a la influencia de la obra de Augusto Ángel-Maya, la filosofía ambiental argentina es más diversa en su panorama de puntos de vista y enfoques. A pesar de que no podría afirmarse que constituyen una filosofía ambiental propiamente tal, los escritos de Rodolfo Kusch podrían hacer una contribución significativa a un pensamiento ambiental anclado en las peculiaridades de nuestra cultura. Alicia Irene Bugallo ha trabajado en (...) temas de ecofilosofía, y ha introducido estos temas a jóvenes, educadores y el público en general. Alcira Bonilla ha introducido un tipo de eco-humanismo ético, que se mueve lejos del antropocentrismo a la vez que evita un fisiocentrismo o sacralización de la naturaleza. A diferencia de Bugallo y Bonilla, cuyas posiciones se acercan a la ecología profunda, María Julia Bertomeu ha enfatizado la necesidad de una clarificación normativa de reglas generalizables orientadas hacia la protección medioambiental. La Escuela Marina Vilte de la Confederación deTrabajadores de la Educación de la República Argentina ha sido un auténtico catalizador formando una nueva generación de educadores con un enfoque en temas ambientales. Un grupo de colaboración de intelectuales que trabaja en pensamiento crítico, encabezado por su coordinador Guido Galafassi, ha creado la revista Theomai y elaborado una crítica de nuestra actual situación socio-ambiental. En cuanto a nuestros medios de comunicación de masas, durante varias décadas Miguel Grinberg y Antonio Brailovsky han sido figuras inspiradoras que han difundido los temas ambientales. (shrink)

A diferencia de la filosofía ambiental colombiana, que alcanza un cierto grado de unidad debido a la influencia de la obra de Augusto Ángel-Maya, la filosofía ambiental argentina es más diversa en su panorama de puntos de vista y enfoques. A pesar de que no podría afirmarse que constituyen una filosofía ambiental propiamente tal, los escritos de Rodolfo Kusch podrían hacer una contribución significativa a un pensamiento ambiental anclado en las peculiaridades de nuestra cultura. Alicia Irene Bugallo ha trabajado en (...) temas de ecofilosofía, y ha introducido estos temas a jóvenes, educadores y el público en general. Alcira Bonilla ha introducido un tipo de eco-humanismo ético, que se mueve lejos del antropocentrismo a la vez que evita un fisiocentrismo o sacralización de la naturaleza. A diferencia de Bugallo y Bonilla, cuyas posiciones se acercan a la ecología profunda, María Julia Bertomeu ha enfatizado la necesidad de una clarificación normativa de reglas generalizables orientadas hacia la protección medioambiental. La Escuela Marina Vilte de la Confederación deTrabajadores de la Educación de la República Argentina ha sido un auténtico catalizador formando una nueva generación de educadores con un enfoque en temas ambientales. Un grupo de colaboración de intelectuales que trabaja en pensamiento crítico, encabezado por su coordinador Guido Galafassi, ha creado la revista Theomai y elaborado una crítica de nuestra actual situación socio-ambiental. En cuanto a nuestros medios de comunicación de masas, durante varias décadas Miguel Grinberg y Antonio Brailovsky han sido figuras inspiradoras que han difundido los temas ambientales. (shrink)

Los Estados Unidos fueron vistos desde comienzos de la revolución independentista como un aliado natural de la Nueva Granada por su doble condición americana y republicana. Esta persistente idea explica que, ante diversas agresiones de Francia y Gran Bretaña, Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera buscara comprometer a los norteamericanos durante su primer gobierno con una posición más decidida y solidaria. Ello se consiguió mediante la ardua negociación, suscripción y ratificación de un tratado binacional y a través de la firma de un (...) contrato para construir un camino carretero y un ferrocarril interoceánicos en Panamá. Esta situación de “cuasi alianza”, sellada en el momento mismo en que se descubrían las minas de oro californianas, fue interrumpida en 1856 cuando un motín en el Istmo dio pie al gobierno de Washington a formular pretensiones expansionistas. Tras un corto paréntesis antiyanqui en el que participaron por igual conservadores y liberales, las aventuras colonizadoras de las potencias europeas en el continente permitieron a este último partido renovar la fe en la asociación republicana. (shrink)

La construcción de indicadores no constituye un problema epistemológico menor, todo lo contrario, requiere de la exigencia de un modo crítico de reflexionar, de apropiarse y reconstruir la realidad; requiere de vigilancia, y permanentes rupturas y sus correspondientes formas de reorganizar el pensam..

Much of our thinking focuses on deciding what to do in situations where the space of possible options is too large to evaluate exhaustively. Previous work has found that people do this by learning the general value of different behaviors, and prioritizing thinking about high-value options in new situations. Is this good-action bias always the best strategy, or can thinking about low-value options sometimes become more beneficial? Can people adapt their thinking accordingly based on the situation? And how do we (...) know what to think about in novel events? Here, we developed a block-puzzle paradigm that enabled us to measure people's thinking plans and compare them to a computational model of rational thought. We used two distinct response methods to explore what people think about—a self-report method, in which we asked people explicitly to report what they thought about, and an implicit response time method, in which we used people's decision-making times to reveal what they thought about. Our results suggest that people can quickly estimate the apparent value of different options and use this to decide what to think about. Critically, we find that people can flexibly prioritize whether to think about high-value options (Experiments 1 and 2) or low-value options (Experiments 3, 4, and 5), depending on the problem. Through computational modeling, we show that these thinking strategies are broadly rational, enabling people to maximize the value of long-term decisions. Our results suggest that thinking plans are flexible: What we think about depends on the structure of the problems we are trying to solve. (shrink)

Neil Tennant’s core logic is a type of bilateralist natural deduction system based on proofs and refutations. We present a proof system for propositional core logic, explain its connections to bilateralism, and explore the possibility of using it as a type theory, in the same kind of way intuitionistic logic is often used as a type theory. Our proof system is not Tennant’s own, but it is very closely related, and determines the same consequence relation. The difference, however, matters for (...) our purposes, and we discuss this. We then turn to the question of strong normalization, showing that although Tennant’s proof system for core logic is not strongly normalizing, our modified system is. (shrink)